瀝青老路面在養護工程中，常用的方法有冷再生和熱再生。今天我們介紹一下就地冷再生的相關特點和工藝要求。

　　The most commonly used methods for maintaining asphalt pavement in maintenance projects are cold regeneration and hot regeneration. Today we will introduce the relevant characteristics and process requirements of on-site cold regeneration.

　　1、瀝青就地冷再生技術的基本原理

　　1. Basic principles of in-situ cold recycling technology for asphalt

　　就地冷再生技術是利用專用再生機械在現場將原有路面結構銑刨、破碎，根據需要添加新料，在常溫下與穩定劑（水泥、泡沫瀝青或乳化瀝青等）拌和，壓實成型后，成為路面一個結構層次的整套工藝。

　　Cold in place recycling technology is a complete process of milling and crushing the original pavement structure on the site by using special recycling machinery, adding new materials as required, mixing with stabilizers (cement, foam asphalt or emulsified asphalt, etc.) at normal temperature, compacting and forming, and becoming a structural layer of the pavement.

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　　瀝青就地再生由專用再生機械實現，其核心是1個裝有若干個硬質合金刀具的切削轉子。轉子向上旋轉銑刨原路面材料的同時，可以通過專門設計的瀝青噴灑嘴和水噴灑嘴，將泡沫瀝青（或乳化瀝青）和水噴灑到拌和腔，如下圖所示。

　　Asphalt on-site regeneration is achieved by specialized regeneration machinery, with the core being a cutting rotor equipped with several hard alloy cutting tools. While the rotor is rotating upward to mill the raw pavement materials, foam asphalt (or emulsified asphalt) and water can be sprayed into the mixing chamber through specially designed asphalt spray nozzles and water spray nozzles, as shown in the following figure.

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　　水泥可事先撒布在再生機前的路面上。再生機將泡沫瀝青（或乳化瀝青）、水泥、舊路面材料和水一次性拌和。微型計算機根據再生的寬度、工作深度、工作速度及材料的密度控制瀝青噴灑量和拌和水量。

　　Cement can be pre spread on the road surface in front of the recycling machine. The recycling machine mixes foam asphalt (or emulsified asphalt), cement, old pavement materials and water at one time. The microcomputer controls the asphalt spraying and mixing water volume based on the width, working depth, working speed, and material density of the regeneration.

　　2、瀝青層就地冷再生技術的特點

　　2. Characteristics of in-situ cold recycling technology for asphalt layer

　　泡沫瀝青（或乳化瀝青）就地冷再生技術適合路面的功能性和結構性維修，對于瀝青面層或基層損壞的路面進行破碎和重新穩定，產生一個新的、具有一定強度的、柔性的、較厚的均勻路面結構層，

　　The foam asphalt (or emulsified asphalt) cold in place recycling technology is suitable for the functional and structural maintenance of the pavement. It can crush and re stabilize the damaged pavement of the asphalt surface course or base course to produce a new, flexible, thick and uniform pavement structure layer with certain strength,

　　能夠提高路面結構承載能力、抗疲勞和抗水損害的能力，而且可以有效的抑制水穩基層材料干縮和溫縮變形引起的反射裂縫問題，從而延長路面的使用壽命。

　　It can improve the bearing capacity, fatigue resistance, and water damage resistance of the pavement structure, and effectively suppress the reflection crack problem caused by the dry shrinkage and thermal shrinkage deformation of the water stable base material, thereby extending the service life of the pavement.

　　3、瀝青層就地冷再生技術的適應性

　　3. Adaptability of in-situ cold recycling technology for asphalt layer

　　泡沫瀝青就地冷再生技術主要用于舊瀝青路面材料的再生利用，適用于各等級公路瀝青路面的大修、改擴建工程，再生層可作為高速公路、一級公路和二級公路瀝青路面的下面層及基層，三、四級公路瀝青路面的上面層。

　　The cold in place recycling technology of foam asphalt is mainly used for the recycling of old asphalt pavement materials, which is applicable to the overhaul, reconstruction and expansion projects of asphalt pavement of all classes of highways. The recycled layer can be used as the lower layer and base layer of asphalt pavement of expressway, first-class highway and second-class highway, and the upper layer of asphalt pavement of Class III and fourth-class highway.

　　4、瀝青層就地冷再生技術施工工藝流程

　　4. Construction process flow of in-situ cold recycling technology for asphalt layer

　　4. 1、就地冷再生施工前應進行配合比設計，具體包括：對原路面材料取樣并篩→ 乳化瀝青或泡沫瀝青原材料的選擇及檢測→ 基于舊路面材料的礦料級配設計→ 測定合成礦料的含水率→ 根據馬歇爾穩定度和浸水馬歇爾試驗結果確定瀝青用量→ 對混合料通過凍融劈裂試驗進行性能檢測，試驗結果應滿足下列要求：

　　4.1. The mix design shall be carried out before the construction of on-site cold recycling, specifically including: sampling and screening of raw pavement materials → selection and testing of emulsified asphalt or foam asphalt raw materials → mineral aggregate gradation design based on old pavement materials → determination of the optimal moisture content of synthetic mineral aggregate → determination of the optimal asphalt content based on Marshall stability and immersion Marshall test results → performance testing of the mixture through freeze-thaw splitting test, and the test results shall meet the following requirements:

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　　（1）對于以乳化瀝青為粘結劑的混合料：空隙率要求9-14%；劈裂強度（15攝氏度）不小于0. 5MPa（下面層）、干濕劈裂強度比不小于75；馬歇爾穩定度（40攝氏）不小于6.0 KN（下面層）、浸水馬歇爾殘留穩定度不小于75%；凍融劈裂強度比不小于70%。

　　(1) For mixtures using emulsified asphalt as a binder: porosity requirement of 9-14%; Splitting strength (15 degrees Celsius) shall not be less than 0 5MPa (lower layer), dry wet splitting strength ratio not less than 75; Marshall stability (40 ℃) not less than 6.0 KN (lower layer), immersion Marshall residual stability not less than 75%; The freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio shall not be less than 70%.

　　（2）對于以泡沫瀝青為黏結劑的混合料：劈裂強度（15攝氏度）不小于0. 5MPa（下面層）、干濕劈裂強度比不小75；馬歇爾穩定度（40攝氏度）不小于6.0KN（下面層）、浸水馬歇爾殘留穩定度不小于75%；凍融劈裂強度比不小于70%。

　　(2) For the mixture with foam asphalt as binder: the splitting strength (15 ℃) shall not be less than 0 5MPa (lower layer), with a dry wet splitting strength ratio of not less than 75; Marshall stability (40 degrees Celsius) not less than 6.0KN (lower layer), immersion Marshall residual stability not less than 75%; The freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio shall not be less than 70%.

　　4.2、就地冷再生工藝流程

　　4.2 On site cold regeneration process flow

　　就地冷再生工藝流程包括：封閉交通→ 路面雜物→ 施樣放線→ 再生機再生作業 攤鋪（攤鋪機或平地機）→ 壓實→ 養生→ 開放交通。

　　The on-site cold recycling process includes: closed traffic → removal of road debris → sampling and laying out → regeneration machine regeneration operation paving (paver or grader) → compaction → curing → open traffic.

　　5、瀝青層就地冷再生路面檢測項目

　　5. Asphalt layer on-site cold recycling pavement testing project

　　瀝青層就地冷再生路面檢測項目包括：平整度間隙、縱斷面高程、厚度、寬度、橫坡度、外觀、壓實度。

　　The on-site cold recycling pavement inspection items for asphalt layer include: maximum clearance for flatness, vertical section elevation, thickness, width, cross slope, appearance, and compaction degree.

　　6、就地冷再生工藝的適用條件及優點

　　6. Applicable conditions and advantages of in-situ cold regeneration process

　　1）水泥冷再生特點及其適用條件

　　1) Characteristics and Applicable Conditions of Cement Cold Recycling

　　①水泥冷再生基層屬于半剛性基層，具有強度高，板體性好，水穩性好等特點。缺點跟傳統半剛性基層類似，是結構層容易產生裂縫。

　　① Cement cold recycled base belongs to semi-rigid base, which has the characteristics of high strength, good board properties, and good water stability. The disadvantage is similar to traditional semi-rigid base layers, as the structural layer is prone to cracking.

　　②對下承層整體性和強度要求不高，通常只要不是路基病害，都能采用水泥再生。

　　② The overall integrity and strength requirements for the lower bearing layer are not high, and cement regeneration can usually be used as long as it is not a roadbed disease.

　　③造價較低，施工便捷，養生期與傳統水穩碎石基層相同。

　　③ Low cost, convenient construction, and the same curing period as traditional water stable gravel base.

　　④適用條件：舊瀝青路面基層為水穩材料、二灰材料；路基病害提前挖補換填；舊路瀝青面層厚度通常不超過10cm。

　　④ Applicable conditions: The base layer of the old asphalt pavement is made of water stable material and fly ash material; Advance excavation and replacement of roadbed diseases; The thickness of the asphalt surface layer on old roads usually does not exceed 10cm.

　　2）泡沫瀝青冷再生特點及其適用條件

　　2) Cold recycling characteristics of foam asphalt and its application conditions

　　①泡沫瀝青冷再生結構層屬于半柔性材料，抗疲勞性能好，不容易產生干縮和溫縮變形，有利于半剛性基層的反射裂縫及車轍現象。缺點是結構層強度較低。

　　① The foam asphalt cold recycling structural layer is a semi flexible material with good fatigue resistance, which is not easy to produce dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage deformation, and is conducive to eliminating reflection cracks and rutting of semi-rigid base. The disadvantage is that the strength of the structural layer is relatively low.

　　②對下承層整體性和強度要求較高，通常如果舊路面出現松散或者大面積網裂不適合用泡沫瀝青冷再生工藝處理。

　　② The requirements for the integrity and strength of the lower bearing layer are high. Generally, if the old pavement is loose or has a large area of mesh cracks, it is not suitable to use the foam asphalt cold recycling process.

　　③造價較高，施工工藝較復雜，養生期短但對氣候條件要求高。

　　③ The cost is high, the construction process is complex, the curing period is short, but the requirements for climate conditions are high.

　　④適用于舊瀝青路面材料為各類舊瀝青材料、舊水穩材料、二灰材料等。尤其適合穩定舊瀝青材料。

　　④ Suitable for various types of old asphalt pavement materials, such as old asphalt materials, old water stable materials, and fly ash materials. Especially suitable for stabilizing old asphalt materials.

　　3）就地冷再生的優點

　　3) Advantages of on-site cold regeneration

　　①成本低：道路就地冷再生由于全部利用了舊的鋪層材料，從而減少了道路維修或改造時舊鋪層材料的挖起運輸、廢置和新材料的購置，節約能源，從而導致成本大幅度下降。

　　① Low cost: On site cold recycling of roads utilizes all old paving materials, reducing the excavation, transportation, disposal, and purchase of new materials during road maintenance or renovation, saving energy and leading to a significant reduction in costs.

　　據國外施工資料介紹，與在舊鋪層上加鋪新料的維修方法相比，就地冷再生約可降低成本20%一45%。

　　According to foreign construction data, compared with the maintenance method of adding new materials on the old layer, on-site cold recycling can reduce costs by about 20% to 45%.

　　②效率高：道路就地冷再生機械施工一次性可以完成銑刨、破碎、添加、拌和及攤鋪，從而簡化了施工程序，縮短施工工期。使用就地冷再生機械，每天施上可完成5000～8000m2的工作量，創造了道路改造快速施工的里程碑。

　　② High efficiency: The on-site cold recycling machinery for road construction can complete milling, crushing, adding, mixing, and paving in one go, simplifying the construction process and shortening the construction period. By using on-site cold recycling machinery, a daily workload of 5000-8000m2 can be completed, creating a milestone in the rapid construction of road renovation.

　　③質量好：就地冷再生可以根據不同道路舊鋪層材料的實際情況進行設計，選擇不同的添 加劑，配比準確，可以保證再生材料的品質和施上質量，形成施工成型厚而均勻的粘結層，從而保證了維修后道路的使用期限，使再生后的瀝青路面與新鋪瀝青路面性能基本相當。

　　③ Good quality: On site cold recycling can be designed according to the actual situation of different road old pavement materials, selecting different additives and accurately proportioning them to ensure the excellent quality and application quality of recycled materials, forming a thick and uniform bonding layer during construction, thus ensuring the service life of the repaired road and making the performance of the recycled asphalt pavement basically equivalent to that of the newly laid asphalt pavement.

　　同時由于對舊材料進行重復利用，施土過程中路面的幾何線形及厚度能得到很好地保持。

　　At the same time, due to the reuse of old materials, the geometric shape and thickness of the road surface can be well maintained during the soil application process.

　　④污染少：使用傳統的道路維修方法，瀝青路面廢棄量十分巨大，對環境造成大量污染；新材料的開采，也會造成資源減少和環境的破壞。采用冷再生技術則可完全避免上述問題。

　　④ Less pollution: Using traditional road maintenance methods, the amount of asphalt pavement waste is very large, causing a lot of pollution to the environment; The mining of new materials can also cause resource depletion and environmental damage. The use of cold regeneration technology can completely avoid the above-mentioned problems.

　　由于舊料得以充分再生利用，從而大大減少了新筑路材料的開采量；也不存在舊料的運輸與存放問題，是一項綠色技術。它不僅可以節約大量投資，更有利于環境保護，因此被人們稱之為“綠色”施工技術。

　　As the old materials can be fully recycled, the mining output of new road building materials is greatly reduced; There is no problem with the transportation and storage of old materials, and it is a green and environmentally friendly technology. It not only saves a lot of investment, but also benefits environmental protection, so it is called "green" construction technology

　　⑤干擾低：冷再生施工的特點是大型機械，密集施上，將因施土而造成的交通干擾降到了。該機械具有封閉式自動控制添加系統，可以防止粉塵飛揚，有利于文明施工。

　　⑤ Low interference: The characteristic of cold recycling construction is the use of large machinery and dense construction, which minimizes traffic interference caused by soil application. This machine has a closed automatic control addition system, which can prevent dust from flying and is conducive to civilized construction.

　　不像新建道路施工項目那樣，許多施工可在整個工地同時進行，冷再生施工只是集中在特定的區域。

　　Unlike new road construction projects, where many constructions can be carried out simultaneously on the entire construction site, cold recycling construction is only concentrated in specific areas.

　　整個冷再生機械組合可以處于同一條車道內，不影響另一條車道車輛通行，可進行開放式施工，特別適用于交通量較大或道路較窄情況下的施工。

　　The entire cold recycling machinery assembly can be located in the same lane without affecting the passage of vehicles in another lane, and can be constructed in an open manner, especially suitable for construction in situations with high traffic volume or narrow roads.

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