我國現(xiàn)階段公路使用情況，呈現(xiàn)公路養(yǎng)護(hù)與維修任務(wù)繁重，養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)相對建設(shè)技術(shù)來講較為落后的特點。傳統(tǒng)的公路維修工藝多采用挖除舊瀝青路面，重新加鋪新的瀝青面層的方式。此種施工工藝存在造價高、工期長、中斷交通時間長等缺陷。且挖除的舊瀝青路面廢料存在環(huán)境污染、堆放困難、浪費有價資源三大問題。瀝青路面再生技術(shù)以其良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和作用，已成為瀝青路面技術(shù)研究的一個重要方向。有資料表明，我國每年產(chǎn)生約220萬噸的I舊瀝青混合料，若采用再生技術(shù)循環(huán)利用這些廢舊瀝青混合料，每年節(jié)省的材料費用可達(dá)3.5億元之多。且這個數(shù)字還將以每年15%的速度增加，預(yù)計到2015年我國因公路改造產(chǎn)生的廢I舊瀝青混合料將達(dá)1000萬噸，對其進(jìn)行再生利用將可產(chǎn)生15億元的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。且產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境效益也很顯著。

　　At present, the use of highways in China presents the characteristics of heavy maintenance and repair tasks, and relatively backward maintenance technology compared to construction technology. Traditional highway maintenance techniques often involve excavating the old asphalt pavement and replacing it with a new asphalt surface layer. This construction technique has defects such as high cost, long construction period, and long interruption of traffic time. The excavated old asphalt pavement waste has three major problems: environmental pollution, difficulty in stacking, and waste of valuable resources. Asphalt pavement regeneration technology has become an important direction in asphalt pavement technology research due to its good economic benefits and environmental protection effects. According to data, China produces approximately 2.2 million tons of old asphalt mixture annually. If recycling technology is used to recycle these waste asphalt mixtures, the annual material cost savings can reach up to 350 million yuan. And this number will continue to increase at a rate of 15% per year. It is expected that by 2015, the amount of waste and old asphalt mixture generated by road renovation in China will reach 10 million tons, and its recycling will generate a direct economic benefit of 1.5 billion yuan. And the environmental benefits generated are also significant

　　按照工藝的不同，瀝青路面再生技術(shù)分為熱再生技術(shù)和冷再生技術(shù)。熱再生技術(shù)的工作原理是通過恢復(fù)老化瀝青的粘結(jié)性能，重新發(fā)揮瀝青的膠結(jié)料作用后將瀝青和集料再生利用但其使用的材料只能是瀝青面層銑刨料，有其使用的局限性。而冷再生技術(shù)是將原有的路面銑刨料作為骨料重復(fù)利用，它不僅可以使用面層銑刨料，還可以利用無機(jī)結(jié)合料穩(wěn)定的基層銑刨料，可限度地利用I舊路面材料，能夠節(jié)約大量的瀝青和砂石材料，節(jié)省工程投資。此外，冷再生還具延長施工季節(jié)。改善施工條件，減少環(huán)境污染等優(yōu)點。冷再生以其顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益已成為國際上路面維修改造的主要方法之一。一、常見的冷再生技術(shù)

　　According to different processes, asphalt pavement recycling technology is divided into hot recycling technology and cold recycling technology. The working principle of hot recycling technology is to restore the bonding performance of aged asphalt, and then reuse the asphalt and aggregate after re exerting the role of asphalt binder. However, the material used can only be milling material for asphalt surface layer, which has its limitations in use. And cold recycling technology is the reuse of existing pavement milling materials as aggregates. It can not only use surface milling materials, but also stable base milling materials with inorganic binders, which can maximize the use of old pavement materials, save a lot of asphalt and sandstone materials, and save engineering investment. In addition, cold recycling also extends the construction season. Advantages such as improving construction conditions and reducing environmental pollution. Cold recycling has become one of the main methods for road maintenance and renovation internationally due to its significant economic and social benefits. 1、 Common cold regeneration technologies

　　瀝青路面冷再生的原理即流變逆轉(zhuǎn)原理。但實際中，瀝青是不能充分實現(xiàn)流變逆轉(zhuǎn)的。因此，冷再生混合料主要應(yīng)用于高等級公路基層，故要具有一定的強度、剛度、水穩(wěn)性冷再生添加劑主要有乳化瀝青、泡沫瀝青，另外,還可以添加水泥、水泥稀漿、石灰、粉煤灰等。需要注意的是水泥和乳化瀝青類型應(yīng)慎重選擇，以避免水泥的水化作用使乳化瀝青過早破乳，影響再生混合料的施工和易性。

　　The principle of cold recycling of asphalt pavement is the principle of rheological reversal. However, in reality, asphalt cannot fully achieve rheological reversal. Therefore, the cold recycled mixture is mainly used in the base course of high-grade highways, so it should have certain strength, rigidity and water stability. The cold recycled additives mainly include emulsified asphalt and foam asphalt. In addition, cement, cement slurry, lime, fly ash, etc. can also be added. It should be noted that the types of cement and emulsified asphalt should be carefully selected to avoid premature emulsification of emulsified asphalt due to the hydration effect of cement, which may affect the construction and workability of recycled mixtures.

　　1.泡沫瀝青再生技術(shù)泡沫瀝青冷再生混合料是以泡沫瀝青作為主要穩(wěn)定穩(wěn)定劑，其強度形成機(jī)理與普通熱拌瀝青混合料是不同的。瀝青發(fā)泡以后，物理性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化，其粘度顯著降低，形成的泡沫瀝青體積急劇增加，表面張力減小，可以在常溫下方便地與不加熱的集料(RAP)拌和均勻。在泡沫瀝青拌和過程中，當(dāng)泡沫瀝青與集料接觸時，瀝青泡沫瞬間化為數(shù)以百萬計的"瀝青微粒"粘附于細(xì)料的表面，形成粘有大量瀝青的細(xì)料填縫料，經(jīng)過拌和壓實，這些細(xì)料能填充于濕冷的粗料之間的空隙并形成類似砂漿的作用，使混合料達(dá)到穩(wěn)定。即泡沫瀝青冷再生料的初期強度主要由泡沫瀝青裹覆銑刨料中的細(xì)料,形成的瀝青"瑪蹄脂"再粘附粗料而形成。終強度由三部分組成，即RAP中集料之間的嵌擠力與內(nèi)摩阻力、RAP中舊瀝青與集料之間的粘聚力和泡沫瀝青與細(xì)料形成的瀝青膠漿與粗料之間的粘聚力。

　　1. foam asphalt recycling technology foam asphalt cold recycling mixture uses foam asphalt as the main stabilizing agent, and its strength formation mechanism is different from that of ordinary hot mix asphalt mixture. After asphalt foaming, its physical properties have changed, its viscosity has significantly decreased, the volume of foam asphalt formed has sharply increased, and its surface tension has decreased, which can be easily mixed with unheated aggregate (RAP) uniformly at room temperature. In the process of foam asphalt mixing, when the foam asphalt contacts with the aggregate, the asphalt foam instantaneously turns into millions of "asphalt particles" adhering to the surface of the fine material, forming a fine joint filler with a large amount of asphalt. After mixing and compaction, these fine materials can fill the gap between the wet and cold coarse materials and form a mortar like effect, making the mixture stable. That is, the initial strength of foam asphalt cold recycled material is mainly formed by foam asphalt coating the fine materials in the milling material, forming asphalt "mastic" and then adhering to the coarse materials. The final strength consists of three parts, namely, the embedding force and internal friction between aggregates in RAP, the cohesion between old asphalt and aggregates in RAP, and the cohesion between asphalt mortar and coarse aggregate formed by foam asphalt and fine aggregate.

　　2.乳化瀝青再生技術(shù)乳化瀝青冷再生混合料是以乳化瀝青作為穩(wěn)定劑，是使用為廣泛的冷再生結(jié)合料。其再生機(jī)理是在水潤條件下，發(fā)生電離反應(yīng)的礦料和I舊料的表面均帶有電荷，形成吸附性薄膜。當(dāng)乳化瀝青和濕潤的集料接觸時，乳化劑的極性親水端總傾向于吸附極性的礦料表面。同時，瀝青顆粒自身形成的正、負(fù)電荷載體與極性的集料表面產(chǎn)生相互吸咐作用。這種吸附作用使瀝青顆粒迅速排列在礦料表面，形成單分子層。在適當(dāng)?shù)耐饨绛h(huán)境下，乳化瀝青開始破乳。乳化劑親水端的水顆粒逐漸被吸收、排出和蒸干，終只有瀝青顆粒留在集料表面，形成類似于熱拌瀝青混合料的瀝青薄膜完全包裹集料的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2. Emulsified asphalt recycling technology. Emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture is the most widely used cold recycled binder, which uses emulsified asphalt as a stabilizer. The regeneration mechanism is that under moist conditions, both the mineral material and the I old material that undergo ionization reactions carry charges on their surfaces, forming an adsorbent film. When emulsified asphalt comes into contact with wet aggregate, the polar hydrophilic end of the emulsifier tends to adsorb the polar mineral surface. At the same time, the positive and negative charge carriers formed by the asphalt particles themselves interact with the polar aggregate surface through mutual adsorption. This adsorption effect causes asphalt particles to quickly arrange on the surface of the mineral material, forming a monolayer. Under appropriate external conditions, emulsified asphalt begins to break down. The water particles at the hydrophilic end of the emulsifier are gradually absorbed, discharged, and evaporated, and ultimately only the asphalt particles remain on the surface of the aggregate, forming a structure similar to a hot mix asphalt mixture where the asphalt film completely wraps around the aggregate.

　　有研究指出，在舊料表面一定厚度范圍內(nèi)，乳化瀝青對I日瀝青還具有化學(xué)軟化作用，使其恢復(fù)部分性能，從而使乳化瀝青與被再生的I舊日瀝青共同形成能夠完全包裹RAP顆粒的有效瀝青薄膜。這種有效瀝青薄膜具有一定的粘結(jié)力，它是形成乳化瀝青冷再生混合料強度的重要因素。乳化瀝青混合料強度構(gòu)成因素同樣是材料的內(nèi)聚力和內(nèi)摩阻力，不同的是內(nèi)聚力和內(nèi)摩阻力有一個變化過程，在混合料初期和后期各自對強度的貢獻(xiàn)不同。內(nèi)聚力主要是由瀝青的粘聚力及瀝青與礦料的粘附力組成，內(nèi)摩阻力主要是由骨料之間的嵌擠和摩擦構(gòu)成o

　　Research has shown that within a certain thickness range on the surface of old materials, emulsified asphalt also has a chemical softening effect on I-day asphalt, restoring some of its properties, thereby allowing emulsified asphalt and regenerated I-day asphalt to form an effective asphalt film that can completely encapsulate RAP particles. This effective asphalt film has a certain degree of adhesion, which is an important factor in forming the strength of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures. The strength components of emulsified asphalt mixture are also the cohesion and internal friction of the material, but the difference is that the cohesion and internal friction have a changing process, and their contributions to the strength are different in the early and later stages of the mixture. Cohesion is mainly composed of the cohesive force of asphalt and the adhesive force between asphalt and mineral aggregate, while internal friction is mainly composed of the interlocking and friction between aggregates

　　冷再生混合料的設(shè)計通常是在選定再生舊料、新礦質(zhì)集料和添加劑后，一般確定添加劑的大致用量，然后,按不同拌和用水量、壓實含水量確定符合裹覆性的含水量范圍和穩(wěn)定度的含水量。,變化添加劑的用量,根據(jù)馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度、流值、空隙率等指標(biāo)確定添加劑的含量。冷再生穩(wěn)定劑的選擇應(yīng)綜合考慮回收材料的性質(zhì)、工程特點和環(huán)境因素等確定。

　　The design of cold recycled mixtures is usually based on the selection of recycled old materials, new mineral aggregates, and additives. The approximate amount of additives is generally determined first, and then the moisture content range that meets the coating properties and the optimal stability is determined according to different mixing and compaction moisture contents. Finally, adjust the dosage of the additive and determine the optimal content based on indicators such as Marshall stability, flow rate, and porosity. The selection of cold regeneration stabilizers should be determined based on a comprehensive consideration of the properties of the recycled materials, engineering characteristics, and environmental factors.

　　二、冷再生技術(shù)的工程應(yīng)用

　　2、 Engineering Application of Cold Recycling Technology

　　我國從1998年開始引進(jìn)現(xiàn)場冷再生技術(shù)進(jìn)行道路養(yǎng)護(hù)隨著乳化瀝青冷再生技術(shù)的不斷推廣,其應(yīng)用范圍也逐漸擴(kuò)大，京滬高速、京哈高速、滬寧高速、西漢高速、銅黃高速和惠河高速等大修工程中均鋪筑了乳化瀝青冷再生試驗路段。2003年廣東省佛山市利用乳化瀝青摻加少量水泥再生了佛山市石南大橋北國道325線連接線工程。2004年沈陽三鑫公路工程公司采用維特根WR2500S在營大路進(jìn)行的乳化瀝青冷再生應(yīng)用，成為我國早也是的乳化瀝青冷再生工程。2005年天津市市政公路管理局以乳化瀝青冷再生技術(shù)在京哈公路維修改造工程中選取0.5km作為試驗段，進(jìn)行了乳化瀝青冷再生技術(shù)在I舊路改造中的應(yīng)用;2007年河北省廊坊市以乳化瀝青和泡沫瀝青作為再生劑摻加少量水泥進(jìn)行了大香線2.25km路段的維修改造工程。這些工程應(yīng)用的實施，為瀝青路面冷再生技術(shù)積累了寶貴經(jīng)驗，取得了良好的社會效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

　　Since 1998, China has introduced on-site cold recycling technology for road maintenance. With the continuous promotion of emulsified asphalt cold recycling technology, its application scope has gradually expanded. Emulsified asphalt cold recycling test sections have been laid in major maintenance projects such as Beijing Shanghai Expressway, Beijing Harbin Expressway, Shanghai Nanjing Expressway, Western Han Expressway, Tonghuang Expressway, and Huihe Expressway. In 2003, Foshan City, Guangdong Province recycled the connection line project from Shinan Bridge North to National Highway 325 using emulsified asphalt mixed with a small amount of cement. In 2004, Shenyang Sanxin Highway Engineering Company adopted the Wittgen WR2500S for emulsified asphalt cold recycling application on Yingda Road, becoming the earliest and largest emulsified asphalt cold recycling project in China. In 2005, the Tianjin Municipal Highway Management Bureau selected 0.5km of emulsified asphalt cold recycling technology as a test section in the maintenance and renovation project of the Beijing Harbin Highway, and applied the emulsified asphalt cold recycling technology in the renovation of the old road; In 2007, Langfang City, Hebei Province, used emulsified asphalt and foam asphalt as regenerants and added a small amount of cement to carry out the maintenance and reconstruction of the 2.25km section of Daxiang Line. The implementation of these engineering applications has accumulated valuable experience for cold recycling technology of asphalt pavement and achieved good social and economic benefits

　　三、冷再生技術(shù)存在問題

　　3、 There are problems with cold regeneration technology

　　冷再生技術(shù)在使用的工程中也暴露出一些問題。冷再生混合料早期強度較低，開放交通延遲，往往會造成一定時間的交通的中斷。有研究指出，可再冷再生混合料中加入一定量的水泥，利用水泥吸水水化加速乳化瀝青(或泡沫瀝青)破乳，以達(dá)到提高混合料的早期強度，縮短強度形成時間。但實際操作中仍存在水泥的水化作用使乳化瀝青過早破乳，影響再生混合料的施工和易性等問題

　　Cold recycling technology has also exposed some problems in its engineering applications. Cold recycled mixtures have low early strength and delayed open traffic, often causing a certain period of traffic interruption. Some studies have pointed out that a certain amount of cement can be added to the recycled mixture, and the demulsification of emulsified asphalt (or foam asphalt) can be accelerated by water absorption and hydration of cement, so as to improve the early strength of the mixture and shorten the strength formation time. However, in practical operation, there are still problems such as the hydration of cement causing premature demulsification of emulsified asphalt, which affects the construction and workability of recycled mixtures

　　且冷再生的再生質(zhì)量也不能達(dá)到瀝青面層的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只能用于基層或者下面層,其使用的范圍也受到了一定的限制,怎么提高冷再生的再生質(zhì)量并建立相應(yīng)的路用性能指標(biāo)體系是今后努力的方向。

　　Moreover, the regeneration quality of cold recycling cannot meet the quality standards of asphalt surface layer, and can only be used for base or lower layers. Its scope of use is also limited to some extent. How to improve the regeneration quality of cold recycling and establish a corresponding road performance index system is the direction for future efforts.

　　另外，我國高等級公路瀝青路面的基層結(jié)構(gòu)多采用半剛性材料,而冷再生材料應(yīng)用于基層為我國的高等級公路提供了一種新型柔性基層材料。此種柔性基層的采用對高等級公路的路用性能及使用壽命產(chǎn)生怎么樣的影響，此方面的研究具有較高的社會效益。

　　In addition, the base structure of asphalt pavement on China's high-grade highways mostly uses semi-rigid materials, and the application of cold recycled materials in the base provides a new type of flexible base material for China's high-grade highways. The adoption of this flexible base has a significant impact on the road performance and service life of high-grade highways, and research in this area has high social benefits.

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